Rationale for giving Mary a tetanus booster.
What is the organism that causes tetanus and why is it of concern in this situation?
The organism that causes tetanus is Clostridium tetani. This bacterium can infect through a wound or cut that has been contaminated with soil or manure. In Mary’s case, the wound was contaminated with dirt and at age 50years, the likelihood of the tetanus antibodies being reduced is high.
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Stages of Plant Growth and DevelopmentIn plant anatomy and physiology, plant growth and development is the process by which the plants develop new tissues and new structures from the meristems which are located at the tips of the plants organs or between the fully developed tissues of the plants. The growth process occurs throughout the whole life of the plants (Hunt, 2012). Plant growth and development involves various stages which the…
HistoryThe stem cells that have characteristic features of differentiation into stem cells that can divide further through mitosis and produce more stem cells. They are found in multi-cellular living things. In warm blooded cells, there are two wide sorts of stem cells: embryonic youthful cells, which are isolated from the internal cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues (Izadpanah et al. 2015). Stem …
Kochs PostulateFor many years, epidemics of contagious infections were believed to be as a result of the wrath of ancient gods, or miasma. German physician Robert Koch (1843-1910) helped in establishing a method useful in identifying a disease-causing agent. Koch’s postulate refers to the four criteria formulated in 1880’s to help in the determination of a causal relationship between a disease and its causative microbe (Inglis 200…
Specimen Preparation and StainingAnswer: A
Cytoplasm *
Chloroplast *
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus/ nucleus *
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi bodies
Vacuoles *
Cell 1: Lysosome; Cell 2: Golgi vesicles
Plasma membrane or cell membrane *
Mitochondria
Cell wall *
Answer B
Light Microscope
Electron Microscope
Cell components seen
Cell membrane, Nucleus, Nuclear membrane, Cytoplasm, Vacuoles, Cel…
MethodsThe general aim of the experiment was to study myogenesis of C2C12 cells and investigate the appearance of Myosin Heavy Chain and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) during differentiation and proliferation. This aim was achieved through several lab sections with different objectives. The first lab sections aim was to learn how to seed, culture and even differentiate and determine viability of C2C12 cells. Through the secon…
1a. Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that can infect wounds exposed to soil or dirt is an endospore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause tetanus1a. Clostridium tetani, a bacterium that can infect wounds exposed to soil or dirt is an endospore-forming, rod shaped bacterium that can cause tetanus. In Mary’s case she had got an open wound when working in her garden and this could have exposed her wound to the soil and also to the bacterium…
Biological Macromolecule
Elements Ratio
Function
Monomer
Examples
Functional Group(s)
Carbohydrate
-ose
(Marshall et al. 2014)
CHO
1:2:1
– Short term energy storage for metabolism
– Structure (cell walls & exoskeletons)
-Makes food more favorable
-Fat oxidation
-Help cellular recognition process
Monosaccharide
-Glycogen
-Chitin
-Cellulose
-Glucose f…
Identifying Variables in the Cohort Study
Variables
Classification
Value labels
ID Number
Ordinal
NA
Age (in years)
Discrete
NA
Age Group
Nominal
1: < 40 years, 2: 40 - 49 years, 3: 50 59 years and 4: >= 60 years
Gender
Nominal
1: Male; 2: Female
Occupation Type
Nominal
1: Sedentary worker; 2: Moderate worker; 3: Heavy …
Cells, tissues, organs and systemsCells are the smallest unit of life, which is independent, composed of a cell membrane, genetic material, cell organelles and cell wall (in plants only). It is the key structural and functional unit of human body that makes up the complex human body structure. Cells are of two types, i.e. prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The prokaryotic cells are primitive cells, like bacteria, consisting cell membrane, genetic mat…
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