HistoryThe stem cells that have characteristic features of differentiation into stem cells that can divide further through mitosis and produce more stem cells. They are found in multi-cellular living things. In warm blooded cells, there are two wide sorts of stem cells: embryonic youthful cells, which are isolated from the internal cell mass of blastocysts, and adult stem cells, which are found in various tissues (Izadpanah et al. 2015). Stem …
Kochs PostulateFor many years, epidemics of contagious infections were believed to be as a result of the wrath of ancient gods, or miasma. German physician Robert Koch (1843-1910) helped in establishing a method useful in identifying a disease-causing agent. Koch’s postulate refers to the four criteria formulated in 1880’s to help in the determination of a causal relationship between a disease and its causative microbe (Inglis 200…
Specimen Preparation and StainingAnswer: A
Cytoplasm *
Chloroplast *
Nuclear membrane
Nucleolus/ nucleus *
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Ribosome
Golgi bodies
Vacuoles *
Cell 1: Lysosome; Cell 2: Golgi vesicles
Plasma membrane or cell membrane *
Mitochondria
Cell wall *
Answer B
Light Microscope
Electron Microscope
Cell components seen
Cell membrane, Nucleus, Nuclear membrane, Cytoplasm, Vacuoles, Cel…
MethodsThe general aim of the experiment was to study myogenesis of C2C12 cells and investigate the appearance of Myosin Heavy Chain and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) during differentiation and proliferation. This aim was achieved through several lab sections with different objectives. The first lab sections aim was to learn how to seed, culture and even differentiate and determine viability of C2C12 cells. Through the secon…
Peptide Vaccine Designs and CharacteristicsThe concept of peptide vaccine designs is based on the chemical process essential for the synthesis of the B and T cell epitopes which are immune dominant and can elicit specific immune responses. The T cells are peptide fragments while the B cell is lipids, proteins, carbohydrates or nucleic acids (Dermime et al., 2004, Sundaram, Beebe and Kaumaya, 2004). Peptides have desirable qualities due to …
DiscussionThe manipulation of the transcription and post-transcription process has been under investigation for decades and the ability to manipulate various genes have been analysed recently, through various technological interventions. The utilisation of the CRISPR technology for the transcriptional regulation process has been investigated lately and includes the synthetic transcription of the various factors responsible for the manipulation o…
Red Blood Cells and their FunctionBlood found in humans as well as other species transports waste products of metabolism aside from the cells while also delivering requisite nutrients around the body as well as oxygen. Blood cells dissolved in plasma or serum make up that very same substance. Plasma is the major medium for excretion product and transportation mostly has been major amount of liquid or water, w…
Sample PreparationSample Preparation
Sample A has been isolated from cheese and the collection method has been done in an “FDA Approved manner” (fda.gov 2022). This describes that the samples have been collected via aseptic technique by using sterile forceps or needles and have been stored in a “sterile”, “leakage proof” and “sealed’ container (Suo et al. 2018). After that, the sample has been effectively incubated for 24 to 48 hou…
Metabolic Reactions and Their Regulation1. A cell consists of various molecules or substances used during metabolic activity, known as metabolites catalyzed by various enzymes. Several factors explain the relationship between metabolites and the activity of enzymes as enzymes act as catalysts that control or regulate the rate of reaction or metabolic activity (Fernie, et al, 2012).This chemical transformation of one metabolite into another is …
Material and MethodsA short DNA sequence from a standardized region also called a DNA barcode has been upgraded as the best identifier of unknown species (Rach et al. 2017). The mitochondrial CO1 gene region also called cytochrome oxidase 1 has been crowned as the universal DNA barcoding for the metazoan organisms (Herbert et al. 2003). The CO1 gene has some features that make it of primary importance in evolutionary studies (Rach et al. 2017)…
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