How might the process of AAA and reporting, applied to partnerships, alliances, or other collaborative efforts, potentially yield a new system view?

An After Action Analysis (AAA) or After Action Review (AAR) is when completing a project a review is typically done to determine what went wrong and what can be done differently. This step usually involves gathering all the relevant information and then studying it to determine what went wrong. After-action reviews are structured reports that provide a comprehensive analysis of the actions taken to address information that can help improve the project. They are commonly used to measure the effectiveness of preparedness systems and identify areas for improvement (Sorbello et al., 2021).

The AAA and reporting can be applied to partnerships, alliances, or other collaborative efforts by helping the organization follow a structure that prevents any negative outcome. Having a well-established safety culture is very important to minimize the impact of adverse events on the leaders and employees of an organization. It can also help prevent staff burnout (McCarthy et al., 2021). Effective AARs require the use of trained facilitators. They can help reduce the participants’ experience of ambiguity and improve their satisfaction with the process.

Could this new system view include innovation as well as negative outcomes? Explain.

           The new system view can include both innovation and negative outcomes when it comes to partnership and alliances. AAA can help with innovation by helping organizations with new ideas and implement them with resources that are provided for the organization. AARs and simulation exercises help organizations assess the capabilities of their various capacities and develop effective plans and procedures. They can also help ensure that their plans and procedures are up to date (Stoto et al., 2019).

           The new system view can have a negative outcome depending on who the report is coming from and if the report is clear enough to implement the new changes. The incidents that constitute AARs are singular, and they are usually unique in context and details. This makes them difficult to implement and apply. Complex events can make it hard to know who should have done what. Also, AARs can be time-consuming and require a lot of resources. They can also reveal uncomfortable truths. AARs can help organizations develop effective plans and procedures (Stoto et al., 2019).

How could AAA best be used to advance partnering concepts?

           The AAA can be used to advance partnering concepts by helping an organizations identify and implement actionable recommendations for improving the process of completing a project or task (After-Action Review, 2006). This helps the organization by deleting any past steps that we used to complete a task. The organization can create a newer way of addressing any information that did not help them in the past.

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           In strategic partnerships and alliances there are different factors that need to be considered. In mergers, internal factors can affect the environment, which in turn it may affect employees’ perception of sustainability (Ford & Gilson, 2021). The aftermath of an acquisition compels the HR managers to make an assessment of the benefits of the newly merged entities and implement the strategic goals needed to support the organization (Gobble, 2015).

           When the proverbial smoke dissipates, then the HR managers need to engage in the after action analysis (AAA) or report to assess what will work and what will not, and learn from the actions sooner rather than later (Ansari et al., 2021). According to Woodruff (1991), AAA is a structured meeting that does the following: (a) Focuses on why things happened, (b) compares the intended results with what was actual accomplished, (c) encourages participation, and (d) emphasizes trust and value of feedback. As this week’s reading are examined, this discussion will answer the following questions related to AAA or report:

How might the process of AAA and reporting, applied to partnerships, alliances, or other collaborative efforts, potentially yielding a new system view?

           According to Ansari et al. (2021), the effect of mergers and acquisitions has a great influence on financial performance of business organizations. The HR leaders must assess the role of organizational value, culture change, organizational structure that results from the alliances and integrate them to improve performance (Kim et al., 2014). The process of report and AAA in this context can be done by improving communication and feedback within the company. The main goal is to learn and not to blame, which will lead to improved understanding of team performance to produce better results (Metz et al., 2020).

Could this new system view include innovation as well as negative outcomes. Explain.

           According to Vanpoucke and Vereecke (2010), alliance attributes, communication behavior, and alliance management were the predictors of cost benefits and service benefits. In line with these assumptions, the AAA system includes innovation. For AAA process to be successful there is need to be more open and honest to allow greater levels of innovation (Brix, 2018). The following are the key elements of an effective AAA: (a) Discuss the purpose and rules, (b) encourage active participation, (c) use a facilitator, (d) talk about team performance, (e) conduct the AAA as soon as possible, and (f) focus on discussion with skillful questioning (Brix, 2018).

How could AAA best be used to advance partnering concepts?

           Organizational learning is important because it requires continuous assessment of organizational performance (Zenger & Folkman, 2017). After action analysis (AAA) is a simple option for facilitating the learning of organizational performance. The best way to make it work is by bringing together a team to discuss a task, event, activity or project, in an open and honest fashion (Woodruff, 1991). The application of AAA across the organization can help drive organizational change (Lajara et al., 2002).

ACC 411 Final Project Guidelines and RubricOverviewProfessional auditors are charged with the responsibility of analyzing internal controls, conducting risk assessments using analytical procedures, and designingand implementing audit programs. The purpose of any audit is to report, analyze, and determine whether a specific entity met the stated goals of theprocedures being audited. The audit objectives drive the audit program, the analytical procedures, and the substantive fieldwork done by the audit team. Mostpeople think of financial auditing when they discuss, read about, or are involved with audits because it is the most common type; however, there are many othertypes of audits. These include performance, government, compliance, and internal audits. This class focuses on financial auditing for the majority of the topics,which requires that auditors possess the skills and abilities to successfully implement auditing standards and procedures.For your final project for this course, you will assume the role of an auditor at a large accounting firm, preparing to perform an audit of financial records forRobbins Network Solutions (RNS). As with any audit, the audit team is not always going to have access to all the information and resources they want prior tostarting and working on the audit. That is real-world auditing. The assignment is intended to mimic what auditors face in their career. Do the best with what youhave, using auditing standards and critical thinking. Support all your responses based on the material you have.This summative assessment focuses on the preliminary audit assessment, including the drafting of a summary of findings, preparation of an audit program, andevaluation of the relationship between audit risk, audit evidence, and financial statement assertions.The project is divided into two milestones, which will be submitted at various points throughout the course to scaffold learning and ensure quality finalsubmissions. These milestones will be submitted in Modules Three and Five. The final product will be submitted in Module Seven.In this assignment, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following course outcomes:? ACC-411-01: Explain the use of assurance services in financial reporting? ACC-411-02: Assess the internal controls of an entity for minimizing risk? ACC-411-03: Analyze the impact of emerging technologies that could affect auditingPromptAssume you are an auditor at an accounting firm. Your team is getting ready to start a financial audit of Robbins Network Solutions (RNS). You will start with theinitial review and audit preparation. Refer to the Final Project Scenario document for more information.Specifically, the following critical elements must be addressed. Most of the critical elements align with a particular course competency (shown in brackets).I. In a concise memo, evaluate the internal controls of RNS.1A. Describe the major financial business transactions of the company. Include appropriate research to support your answer. [ACC-411-01]B. Evaluate the highest business risks associated with this company. What makes you believe these specifically are the highest risks? Provideappropriate research or data to support your reasoning. [ACC-411-02]C. What would you suggest are the appropriate types of internal controls for this industry? Why? [ACC-411-02]D. Describe ethical issues involved with this company and industry that would have a direct effect on the outcome of a financial audit. How couldthese issues be addressed? [ACC-411-02]E. Analyze current events for their impact on this company’s risk and internal control in the future. Include documentation of these current events.[ACC-411-02]II. Write an audit program for internal control of cash in Word or Excel. The following internal control components must be included: [ACC-411-02]A. Control environmentB. Risk assessmentC. Control activitiesD. Information and communicationE. MonitoringIII. Adding to your memo from Milestone One, document your understanding of the relationship between audit risk, audit evidence, and financialstatement assertions as it specifically relates to this company and industry.A. Describe the audit data or evidence your team will review. Why is this proof important? [ACC-411-01]B. What if a significant portion of the data is overseas and beyond the auditors’ jurisdiction or audit universe? Analyze how the audit team willcompensate for that risk. What governing rules and regulations must be taken into consideration? [ACC-411-02]C. Describe analytical procedures you will use to determine the sampling program. How will your internal control evaluation affect this step? Bespecific. [ACC-411-02]D. List and then describe the types of audit evidence you will request from the company. [ACC-411-01]E. Describe any considerations your team will make in auditing subjective areas, including any governing rules and regulations that were factoredinto the auditing decisions. [ACC-411-02]F. Describe the factors you took into consideration when planning the nature and extent of the audit documentation. [ACC-411-01]G. Describe how responsibility for IT (computers, software, internet usage, databases) risk coverage for companies in the IT industry is defined. Is itadequate? Describe how that definition addresses or fails to address current and future risks related to social media. [ACC-411-03]H. Describe the internal controls that are put in place to specifically protect computer data and proprietary information. How well do thesecontrols operate within the IT industry? [ACC-411-03]I. Where do current and future vulnerabilities exist for IT, and what must be done to manage these gaps? [ACC-411-03]2MilestonesMilestone One: Internal ControlsIn Module Three, you will submit Milestone One. You are starting your audit at RNS and the first step you have to take is evaluating the internal controls of thecompany. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone One Rubric.Milestone Two: Audit ProgramIn Module Five, you will submit Milestone Two. You will complete your audit program at RNS. This milestone will be graded with the Milestone Two Rubric.Final Submission: Auditing Final ProjectIn Module Seven, you will submit your final project. It should be a complete, polished artifact containing all of the critical elements of the final product. It shouldreflect the incorporation of feedback gained throughout the course. This submission will be graded with the Final Project Rubric.

Choose one question for doing the discussion after that reply1 people 

This is the book

Here is the space for discussing the third part of HeLa. As always, feel free to raise your own points of interest for discussion.

Ch. 23:

The title of this chapter (It’s Alive) contains an allusion to the classic horror movie Frankenstein. What does this allusion suggest about the tension between scientific discovery, and public perception and fear of such discoveries?

Why did the Lacks family think that doctors wanted their blood? Did researchers explain why they wanted the samples? Did the family give informed consent for using the samples?

Ch. 24:

Describe Michael Rogers’ motivation in finding the Lacks family, and his interactions with them. What did they find upsetting about his article, and why?

Explain how the sale of HeLa evolved into a business. In what ways beyond the financial do scientists, corporations, and individuals profit as a result of HeLa? 

Why did Deborah begin researching her mother’s cells? What effects did her research have on her?

Ch. 25:

Describe John Moore’s story. Do you agree with the Supreme Court of CA’s decision? Summarize the legal reasoning behind the decision.

Ch. 26:

What changes had taken place in the lives of Henrietta’s children by 1980? 

Why did Zakariyya decide to participate in research studies at Johns Hopkins? What is ironic about his participation?

Why did Deborah choose not to request a copy of her mother’s medical records? How did she react after reading about her mother’s death?

Explain why Gold’s journalism could be considered irresponsible and/or unethical. What do Gold’s comments about his decision to publish private information without consulting the Lacks family reveal about his attitude toward them?

Ch.27:

Are scientists able to definitively explain why HeLa cells grow so powerfully? Explain the theories that Henrietta’s family have about why her cells are so powerful.

Explain Van Valen’s theory that HeLa cells are “no longer human.” Was his theory accepted by the scientific community? What does Stevenson think that scientists developed this argument?

Ch. 28:

Carefully reread the speech Deborah gave at Morehouse College, paying particular attention to her repetition of the word “understanding.” Why do you think understanding HeLa was so important to her? What obstacles does she mention as impeding her understanding? 

Summarize the events in Deborah’s life leading up to her initial contact with Rebecca Skloot. How do these events help explain Deborah’s initial reluctance to talk with Skloot?

Ch. 29:

Why do you think Deborah eventually decided to talk with Skloot? What did she ask Skloot to promise she would do? What did Deborah hope would happen as a result of Skloot’s research? What was Deborah reluctant to discuss, and why?

Ch. 30:

Zakariyya uses the term “disrespect” to describe Gey’s treatment of Henrietta and the family. What are his reasons for feeling this way? Do you believe Gey was disrespectful?

What does Zakariyya blame on Henrietta’s cancer cells? Does Deborah agree with him?

Ch. 31:

What does Deborah say about people who frame her mother’s story as a story about racism?

How did Skloot finance the research for her book? What did she promise to do for the Lacks family if and when the book was published?

Explain why it would be easy to believe that the Marvel super villain, Hela, Goddess of Death, was based on Henrietta Lacks. 

Ch. 32:

Compare and contrast Skloot’s, Deborah’s, and Zakariyya’s interactions with the Jesus statue at Johns Hopkins. What do these interactions reveal about their attitudes toward religious faith?

How does Christoph Lengauer interact with the Lacks family? Why do you think his interaction is so different from any of their previous interactions at Johns Hopkins? What does he believe about the Lackses’ right to be financially compensated for the sale of their mother’s cells? 

Your initial post is due Oct. 21 at 11:59 pm. You must respond to at least one peer by Oct. 24 at 11:59 pm. Please see the syllabus for more information. 

Here is the space for the last part of HeLa. You may also reflect on any aspect of the book now that you have finished reading it.

Ch. 33:

The title of this chapter is “The Hospital for the Negro Insane.” What was your reaction to this title? Why do you think Skloot chose it?

Why was Skloot surprised by the appearance of Crownsville? What do you think she expected to find?

Describe conditions at the hospital during the time period that Elsie was a patient there. 

Compare and contrast the medical research likely performed on Elsie with Gey’s research and Southam’s research. Does some medical research seem “more wrong?” Why do you think you feel that way?

Ch. 34:

How does Deborah respond when Skloot suggests photocopying some of Henrietta’s records? Why do you think she responds this way? 

How can you tell that Elsie’s photograph and autopsy are deeply troubling to Deborah?

What causes the confrontation between Deborah and Skloot, and how is it resolved?

Ch. 35:

Gary tells Deborah that her quest to find out about Elsie and Henrietta has been a way of “honoring her mother.” Explain what he means by this.

Ch. 36:

Discuss the impact that witnessing the interaction between Gary and Deborah – and, later, talking with Gary- had on Skloot. What new perspective did she gain after these experiences?

Ch. 37:

What did Pullum ask Skloot to “preach” about at JaBrea’s baptism? 

According to Deborah and Pullum, how is Henrietta’s story going to be different for her descendants in future generations?

Ch. 38:

At the time of this book’s publication, how had the lives of Henrietta’s great- and great-great-grandchildren been affected by Skloot’s research, and by the knowledge and understanding of Henrietta’s contribution to science?

Afterword:

What legal options do the Lackses have? What is their position on suing over the use of HeLa?

If Henrietta Lacks could know how important her cells have been to science, do you think she would approve of the fact that they were taken from her without her knowledge and consent? Support your answer with evidence from the text.

For this assignment, you will apply decision-making to the process of international human resource management as you determine which of the four final applicants to hire into a global executive position.  

You are a member of the management committee of a MNE that conducts business in 23 countries. While your company’s headquarters is located in the Netherlands, your regional offices are located fairly evenly throughout the four hemispheres. Primary markets have been in the European Union and North America; the strongest emerging market is the Pacific Rim. Company executives would like to develop what they see as a powerful potential market in the Middle East. Sales in all areas except the Pacific Rim have shown slow growth over the past two years.

At present, your company is seeking to restructure and revitalize its worldwide marketing efforts. To accomplish this, you have determined that you need to hire a key marketing person to introduce fresh ideas and a new perspective. There is no one currently in your company who is qualified to do this, and so you have decided to look outside. 

The job title is “Vice President for Global Marketing”; an annual salary of $250,000-$300,000, plus elaborate benefits, an unlimited expense account, a car, and the use of the corporate jet. The person you hire will be based at the company’s headquarters in the Netherlands and will travel frequently.

A lengthy search has turned up four people with good potential. It is now up to you to decide whom to hire. Although all the applicants have expressed a sincere interest in the position, it is possible that they may change their minds once the job is offered. Therefore, you must rank them in order of preference so that if your first choice declines the position, you can go on to the second, and so on.

First, read the biographies of each applicant. As you are doing this, rank each of them from 1 to 4, with 1 being your first choice, and explain your reasons for their ranking. 

For your essay this week, respond to the following questions using the decisions you have made with your rankings. 

1. The first section of your paper should be an overview of your rankings and reasons for your decisions.
2. Did your decision include any culturally based biases you may have—for example, feelings, personality traits, or politics in your rankings?
3. Did you make any observations that you feel would have been fully acceptable in your own culture, but were not accepted in other cultures? If so, explain.
4. What implications do you believe any of the applicant’s cultural differences would have in business dealings? In what countries or cultures? 
5. What expatriate adjustments for the candidate need to be considered? How will the company handle these? 
6. Explain the decision-making process you used to make your decisions. 

Park L.

Park L. is currently senior vice president for marketing at a major South Korean high-technology firm. You have been told by the head of your Seoul office that his reputation as an expert in international marketing is outstanding. The market share of his company’s products has consistently increased since he joined the company just over 15 years ago. His company’s market share is now well ahead of that of competing producers in the Pacific Rim.

Park graduated from the University of Seoul and has worked his way up through the ranks. He does not have a graduate degree. In addition to his native tongue, Park is able to carry on a reasonably fluent conversation in English and has minimal working knowledge of German and French.

Saya K.

Saya K. is a woman living in Malaysia. She began her teaching career while finishing her DBA (Doctorate in Business Administration) at the Harvard Business School and published her first book on international marketing ten months after graduation. Her doctoral dissertation was based on the international marketing of pharmaceuticals, but she has also done research and published on other areas of international marketing.

Two months after the publication of her book, Saya went to work in the international marketing department of a Fortune 500 company, where she stayed for the next ten years. She returned to teaching when Maura University offered her a full professorship with tenure, and she has been there since that time. In addition, she has an active consulting practice throughout Southeast Asia. In addition to fluency in Malay, English, and Japanese, Saya speaks and writes German and Spanish and can converse in Mandarin.

Peter V.

Peter had worked in a key position in the international marketing division of a US Fortune 100 company until the company pulled out of his country South Africa eight months ago. Peter has a long list of accomplishments and is widely recognized as outstanding in his field. 

Peter has a Ph.D. in computer science from a leading South African university and an MBA from Purdue’s Krannert School of Business. Peter speaks and reads English, Dutch, Afrikaans, and Swahili and can converse in German.

Joe P.

Joe is currently job hunting. His former job as head of marketing for a single-product, high-technology firm—highly specialized workstations for sophisticated artificial intelligence applications—ended when the company was bought out by Texas Instruments. 

Joe has both his undergraduate and MBA degrees from Stanford University. In addition, he was a Rhodes Scholar and won a Fulbright scholarship, which he used to support himself while he undertook a two-year research project on the marketing of high-technology equipment to Third World countries. In addition to his native English, Joe has a minimal command of French—which he admits he hasn’t used since his college days.