For this assignment, please write an essay on the following prompt: 

What is the meaning of the term “imperial presidency”? In the last twenty years, has the power of the presidency increased in line with the argument of the “imperial presidency”? What kinds of policies (either domestic or foreign) might President Joe Biden implement that would continue the “imperial presidency”? Put another way, what sorts of domestic policy actions would enhance the power of the presidency relative to the other branches of government? What kinds of actions would stall or end the imperial presidency? Given your assessment, will Biden’s successor inherit a more or less powerful office?

Note, I want your thesis/central argument to state that either (1) presidential power is increasing compared the other branches (the imperial presidency is real/strengthening/continuing) OR (2) presidential power is decreasing or staying the same compared to the other branches (the imperial presidency is no longer happening or never did). For either argument, you should be discussing the criteria that one would use to even assess the question. What evidence suggests that your thesis is correct?

The articles provided with this week’s reading will help with your argument:

https://www.theatlantic.com/politics/archive/2016/05/donald-trump-is-coming/483578/

https://bigthink.com/politics-current-affairs/is-obama-an-imperial-president/

https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/25/opinion/declaration-war-president-Congress.html?auth=link-dismiss-google1tap

Each of these makes a particular argument or arguments about the imperial presidency. I expect for you to read these and be able to use them to build your own argument about this concept that incorporates and synthesizes some of these existing ideas. 

Nuts and bolts:

3 – 5 pages (900 – 1500 words), typed, double-spaced, 12 point font, 1” margins 

You do not have to do outside research. If you choose to do some outside research to support your argument, please provide a cite your sources with a full bibliography or works cited. If you only utilize class materials, you do not need to worry about this. 

DUE DATE: Friday, April 22 at midnight

The prompt does ask you about the current president—this is to push you to apply your analysis to a novel case. It is NOT a question about whether you like or approve of Joe Biden or Donald Trump—that is not my interest. My interest is in you showing a depth of understanding about the basis of power in the presidency across time, party, and administration.

Instructions

Value of Life

Suppose there is a road improvement which will save 1 life per year, reducing the number of fatalities from 2 to 1 per year (out of 1000 people using the road). Assume all travelers are identical. What value of life should be used in the analysis? 

Normally, we would do the equivalent of trying to compute for each traveler what is the willingness to pay for a 50% reduction in the chance of death by driving (from 2 in 1000 to 1 in 1000) and multiply that by the 1000 people whose chance of dying is reduced. 

An alternative approach is to figure out the willingness to pay for the driver whose life is saved. So how much would you pay to avoid dying (with certainty) (i.e. what is your Willingness to Pay)? The answer to the first question is usually taken to be all of your resources (you would pay you everything so I won’t kill you). 

Alternatively, how much can I pay you to allow you to let me kill you (Willingness to Accept)? The answer to this second question is: I would have to pay you an infinite amount of money in order for you to let me kill you. 

Both of those sums of money (everything or infinity) likely exceed the willingness to pay to reduce the likelihood of dying with some probability, multiplied by the number of people experiencing it. 

In economic terms, we are comparing the area under the demand curve (the consumer’s surplus) for life (which has a value asymptotically approaching infinity as the amount of life approaches 0 (death approaches certainty) for a single individual, with the marginal change in the likelihood of survival multiplied by all individuals (i.e. the quadrilateral between the y-axis of price and the same demand curve, between Pb and Pa) which describes the change in price for a change in survival). 

On the one hand, using the marginal change for everyone rather than total change for the one person whose life is saved, we will give a lower value to safety improvements. On the other hand, the value of life to the individual himself is much higher than the value of life of that individual to society at large. 

Topic: The reserve ratio is the portion of reservable liabilities that commercial banks must hold onto, rather than lend out or invest.This rate is determined by the Country’s Central Bank.The Cash Reserve Ratio of select Middle Eastern Countries is given below:

• Bahrain (%) — 5.0 
• Oman (%) — 5.0
• Saudi Arabia (%) — 7.0
• United Arab Emirates (%) — 1.0

As can be seen, the cash reserve ratio of Saudi Arabia is the highest among the listed nations.

Q1:  “Discuss the implications of the 7% reserve rate on the Saudi economy, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages”.

Q2: reply to the following views Your replies need to be substantial and constructive in nature.

Reply 1:

• Madawi Almarri:
• Nora Asubay

COLLAPSE

The cash reserve ratio demonstrates the government’s commitment to maintain a strong financial policy inside the country. Increased the CRR, which indicates that more money may now be stored in the primary financial institution and less money is available to spend. Because demand has been targeted as a result of this coverage, inflation has been reduced on a regular basis.

PROS:

Assists in combating rising inflatio

Assists in price stabilisation

CONS:

Limit the amount of output

There may be more unemployment as a result of lower productivity.

Reply 2:

COLLAPSE

maintained by every bank as per the rules of the central bank The reserve ratio has to be

If the bank is maintaining the right reserve ratio , there’ll be lesser probabilities of illiquid funds and therefore the obligations will be completed efficiently. conjointly this boosts up the arrogance of public upon the industry and protects the banks from contingencies and honoring its customers

however , the worth of cash multiplier factor is reciprocally relating to the reserve ratio. If the reserve ratio will be higher , banks will have lesser money to lend to public. As a results of this , there’ll be lesser pecuniary resource in economy and therefore the level of AD will drop . this may cause lesser Real GD

Format:

• 700 words for Q1 ( and a minimum of 3 references)
• 400 words for each reply (2 replies, 1 reference min per each reply)

1. Please provide a brief comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of market socialismrelative to planned socialism.

2. Suppose we develop a hybrid economic system for the United States, and workers can choosebetween two federal taxation plans. Under Plan A, workers pay a flat 5% income tax on theirearnings, but they are not eligible for federal economic benefits like stimulus payments,subsidized health care, low-cost student loans or home mortgages, or unemployment benefits.Alternatively, workers pay a 30% income tax rate under Plan B, and these workers receive freehealth care, free education through the fourth year of college, and low-interest federalmortgages. All workers entering the labor force are under Plan A, but they can switch to Plan Bat any time and must remain under Plan B if they choose this option. Is this hybrid tax systemfair? Will this hybrid tax system promote income and wealth equality? What is the biggestpotential problem with this system? Please use what we have learned about economic incentivesto support your responses.

3. Here is the list several criteria for comparing economic outcomes, and these includethe level of output (GDP), the growth rate of output, composition of output, static efficiency,dynamic efficiency, macro stability, economic security, income and wealth equity, and freedom. Which measure is the most important tool forcomparing economies? Please explain your response.

4. Over the past 150 years, several economies have transitioned from a planned structure to amarket-oriented system? Based on your reading of the assigned chapters, which three countriesexperienced the most successful transitions? Please explain your response.

5. Suppose the US adopts a form of universal basic income program in which each household isguaranteed to have at least $3,000 in monthly income. For example, if a household’s averagemonthly income falls below $3,000 in a given quarter, then the difference is made up with federalgovernment subsidies. How would this program affect workers’ decisions to participate in thelabor force? How would this program impact the equality of income distribution in the US?

1. Your three roommates have decided to start a company that makes motorized, solar-powered surfboards for rich older surfers who aren’t in good shape for paddling out. They have assigned themselves the titles of CEO, CFO, and VP Sales, and want you to do the fundraising for them since you are the only one who took a Fiance major.

You ask them what they think the exit strategy of the company is, so you can do a DCF valuation. But, the three of them can’t agree: the CEO thinks the exit will be an IPO ten years from now, valued at 20x their tenth-year earnings, which are forecasted to be $50mm; when you ask him why 20x, he says it’s because that equals $1b. The CFO thinks the exit is more likely to be a sale of the company five years from now to O’Neill, a sporting goods company which is run by SJSU graduates, for about $500mm, which is what O’Neill recently paid to purchase a maker of solar-heated wetsuits; however, that company had $250mm in sales at the time O’Neill bought it. The VP Sales thinks that they should just have fun running the company for as long as they want and then shut it down when they’re tired of it.

Using the knowledge you’ve gleaned from your major, evaluate which of the proposals seem reasonable or unreasonable for creating a current valuation to pitch to equity investors. Additionally, using a 20% discount rate, calculate the differences in current valuation that their three different strategies would result in. (Note: for simplicity, assume all earnings are being reinvested in the company’s growth, so investors would expect no cash flows before the Exit.) What do you believe is the best valuation approach to use in the current fundraising, and why?

2. Explains what Snappy Gifts do and why it’s a compelling investment opportunity? (HINT: Focus on why it’s attractive as an investment)