The body is constantly sending signals about its health. One of the most easily recognized signals is pain. Musculoskeletal conditions comprise one of the leading causes of severe long-term pain in patients. The musculoskeletal system is an elaborate system of interconnected levers that provides the body with support and mobility. Because of the interconnectedness of the musculoskeletal system, identifying the causes of pain can be challenging. Accurately interpreting the cause of musculoskeletal pain requires an assessment process informed by patient history and physical exams.

In this Discussion, you will consider case studies that describe abnormal findings in patients seen in a clinical setting.

To prepare:

• By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to one of the following specific case studies for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.
• Your Discussion post should be in the Episodic/Focused SOAP Note format rather than the traditional narrative style Discussion posting format. Refer to Chapter 2 of the Sullivan text and the Episodic/Focused SOAP Template in the Week 5 Learning Resources for guidance. Remember that all Episodic/Focused SOAP notes have specific data included in every patient case.
• Review the following case studies:
• 

A 42-year-old male reports pain in his lower back for the past month. The pain sometimes radiates to his left leg. In determining the cause of the back pain, based on your knowledge of anatomy, what nerve roots might be involved? How would you test for each of them? What other symptoms need to be explored? What are your differential diagnoses for acute low back pain? Consider the possible origins using the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) guidelines as a framework. What physical examination will you perform? What special maneuvers will you perform?

Select an ethnic minority group that is represented in the United States (American Indian/Alaskan Native, Asian American, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, Native Hawaiian, or Pacific Islander). Using health information available from Healthy People, the CDC, and other relevant government websites, analyze the health status for this group.

In a paper of 1,000-1,250 words, compare and contrast the health status of your selected minority group to the national average. Include the following:

1. Describe the ethnic minority group selected. Describe the current health status of this group. How do race and ethnicity influence health for this group?
2. What are the health disparities that exist for this group? What are the nutritional challenges for this group?
3. Discuss the barriers to health for this group resulting from culture, socioeconomics, education, and sociopolitical factors.
4. What health promotion activities are often practiced by this group?
5. Describe at least one approach using the three levels of health promotion prevention (primary, secondary, and tertiary) that is likely to be the most effective in a care plan given the unique needs of the minority group you have selected. Provide an explanation of why it might be the most effective choice.
6. What cultural beliefs or practices must be considered when creating a care plan? What cultural theory or model would be best to support culturally competent health promotion for this population? Why?

Cite at least three peer-reviewed or scholarly sources to complete this assignment. Sources should be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and public health content.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Students will be provided five scenarios. Each scenario describes a family/person who needs additional services beyond routine health care services.  For each scenario, provide the the names of TWO community resources for this family/person, their website addresses, a list of the services they provide, and determine if each is a government resource or a not-for-profit.  40 points.

Exercise details.  For each of the following five scenarios, find 2 public health, health, and/or social services as appropriate that are available for you in San Diego County.  You must find at least two sources of services for each of the five scenarios.  For each of the five scenarios, please include the following:  a) the names of the appropriate agencies or organizations that can provide you with help or assistance; b) the agency/organizations’ mission statement and the population this agency/organization serves (e.g. adults, children);  c) provide a website (URL) where a person can get more information for each agency/organization you cite; and d) is this organization a for- profit, not-for profit, or government sponsored service/agency.  You may submit this exercise in a bullet format.

1) You are having trouble feeding your family week-to-week and need to find additional food sources.

2) You believe that a significant water pipe on public property has broken and flooding will occur soon in your area.

3) A neighbor is putting up a large shed in his/her back yard but you do not think it is properly permitted and will cause a safety hazard if not properly built.

4) You have a child who is partially blind and you need assistance finding special resources including schooling options.

5) You believe you were recently exposed to a person with tuberculosis and need information on what to do to follow up on the situation. 

For this modules assignment please do the following:

1. Review the CDC’s page titled: Promoting Health for Older Adults (Promoting Health for Older Adults | CDC)

• • Please note that it is also included as a PDF file in this module.

2. Then chose one of the featured steps to improve the health of older adults found below:

• Helping those with dementia remain active, independent, and involved in their community as long as possible.
• Providing resources to help caregivers stay healthy and deliver quality care to their care recipients.
• Increasing early assessment and diagnosis, risk reduction, and prevention and management of chronic diseases for people with or at risk for Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias.
• Increasing the use of other clinical preventive services like blood pressure checks, cancer screenings, and blood sugar testing.
• Increasing the number of people who speak to a health care provider about their worsening memory.
• Providing CDC-recognized lifestyle change programs to Medicare beneficiaries through the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) to reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes.
• Promoting physical activity programs to reduce the risk of dementia, arthritis pain, and falls.

3. You will then create a pamphlet with four sections (or four slides or panels) about your chosen step. The purpose of this pamphlet is to promote your step of choice. Your pamphlet can be completed by hand (evidently it would need to be neat) and you can submit pictures of it, or you can proceed to complete it through other “more professional means.”

Your pamphlet can include any of the following (keep in mind that these are only ideas, please be creative)

• Colorful Images
• Important Statistics
• Information on Research Findings
• Ideas about costs and other financial considerations
• Suggestions about organizations that could help in the process
• Advantages of implementing your chosen step

Discuss the intellectual conversation on your issue. The Literature Review analyzes existing literature and places your thinking in that intellectual conversation (or better, given you’re working in more than one discipline, those intellectual conversations).

For your literature review, include minimally 10 sources, all of which must be JOURNAL articles, also known as “scholarly” or “academic” or “refereed” sources. To repeat, for this literature review all of your sources will be JOURNAL articles (which you obtain online: look in ASU Libraries’ journal indexes – best to search by “subject,” i.e. discipline). A minimal research effort could earn a minimal grade, so the better effort you make the better chances you have of earning a better grade. (More than ten is a good thing!)

Join the ongoing academic conversation(s) related to your research issue. And make your tentative argument as clear as you possibly can, somewhere near the beginning, and again near the end of the literature review.

It is CRUCIAL that your literature review bears evidence of interdisciplinary thinking. We’ll expect more of that in your final paper for this course, but your Lit Review ought to attend to interdisciplinarity in some meaningful way or ways. Put Repko and Menken & Keestra to work: find “common ground,” integrate, achieve a more comprehensive (interdisciplinary) understanding…

(ALSO) IMPORTANT:

Name and follow the style guide (for citations and references) of your choice. (Whatever your choice, be consistent within that style.)

At the top of your Reference Page: NAME it (“This paper follows APA, MLA, MLA,” or whatever you choose…) If you aren’t able to follow one of these common style guides, you’re also welcome to follow the citation and referencing style in the article by McCormack that appears in the Course Pack.

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