History Questionnaire

1. Which of the following statements best describes the first couple of decades after the triumph of liberalism in Latin America?a. Landowners and the urban middle-class prospered.
b. Landowners and the urban middle-class people prospered, but the life of the ruralmajority barely improved.
c. The middle class was destroyed.
d. Landowners lost most of their power and land.

2. Why do historians place the neocolonial period between 1880 and 1930?
a. because of the strong foreign influenceb. because the Spanish invaded Latin America
c. because Latin America was invaded by the United States
d. because national sentiments in Latin America peaked

3. How did social hierarchies change in Latin America in terms of social hierarchies as a
result of liberal policies?
a. Social hierarchical were never the same.
b. Hierarchical relations of race and class remained the norm.
c. Those at the bottom of the social ladder managed to climb to the top.
d. The middle class shrank.

4. Where did 90 percent of all Latin American exports go during the neocolonial period?
a. the United States and Mexicob. Caribbean and Asia
c. Africa and Europe
d. Europe and the United States

5. Which crop dominated Brazilian export by the early 1900s?
a. cacao
b. sugar
c. tobacco
d. coffee

6. Who were the direct beneficiaries of the export boom?
a. the middle class
b. rural workers
c. the large landowners
d. merchants

7. Which of the following Mexican groups had the most to lose during the neocolonial

period?
a. military personnel
b. people of indigenous descent
c. the upper class
d. the middle class

8. By 1910, the year that the Mexican Revolution started, what percentage of Mexicans
owned land?
a. 15%
b. 25%
c. 3%
d. 10%

9. Which was the main ideal behind the Uruguayan political movement known as
“Batllismo”?
a. equality
b. opposition to social democracy
c. democracy
d. opposition to foreign economic imperialism
10. “Batllismo” was
a. an urban movement.
b. a rural movement.
c. a lower-class movement.
d. a religious movement.

11. Did the role of foreign capital in Argentina diminish under Yrigoyen’s government?
a. Yes, it was almost nonexistent.
b. No, it doubled.
c. No, it remained essentially the same.
d. Yes, it diminished 30 percent.

12. What global event marked the end of neocolonialism and the emergence of the
nationalist movement?
a. World War I
b. World War II
c. The Spanish Civil War
d. The Great Depression of the 1930s

13. What does ISI stand for?
a. important social industrialization
b. inside social industries
c. import-substitution industrialization
d. identity search industries

14. Which of the following was extremely important for the nationalists?

a. equality
b. war
c. democracy
d. industrialization

15. Where were ISIs most likely to work?
a. in countries with a small national market
b. in countries with a large indigenous population
c. in countries with a large national market
d. The model had the same probabilities in all Latin American countries.

16. What was the most prominent characteristic of the Estado Novo in Brazil?
a. It was ruled by three presidents who shared all responsibilities.
b. It promoted foreign investment.
c. It allied with the Catholic Church.
d. It was highly authoritarian.

17. Why did Getulio Vargas create so many agencies and ministries during the Estado Novo
in Brazil?
a. to lower high unemployment rates
b. to reduce the power of the military forces
c. to further the nation’s common goals and welfare
d. to promote liberal ideas

18. To which side of the political spectrum would Vargas’s Estado Novo best fit?
a. It is almost impossible to determine.
b. to the left
c. to the right
d. slightly to the right

19. Which of the following was the primary goal of the Estado Novo?
a. social equality
b. promoting the rights of the economic elites
c. territorial expansion
d. Industrialization

20. Who were the main supporters of the populist Peronist movement?
a. the middle class
b. women
c. the workers
d. the elites

21. What happened after Jorge Eliécer Gaitán was assassinated in Colombia?

a. Riots erupted everywhere; the Bogotazo being the most famous one.
b. Nothing really changed.
c. Colombia gained independence.
d. Colombia merged with Venezuela.

22. Which of the following events was not a result of Porfirio Diaz’ land redistribution
policy due to the impact of rapid development of the railroad system?
a. By 1910, Americans owned more than 22 percent of Mexico’s lands.
b. Mexican villages communally held 40% of the nation’s lands in 1810, yet the  figure
dropped to 5% by 1910.
c. Lands previously used for staples like corn were converted for agriculture and  cattle
ranching for export purposes.
d. Despite the policies, approximately 35% of Mexicans still held on to their lands.

23. Which American industrialist was associated with a successful mining operation in
Monterrey?
a. Edward Doheny
b. William Greene
c. Daniel Guggenheim
d. William Randolph Hearst

24. Who were “Los Hacendados?”
a. The influential advisers to Diaz who subscribed to the doctrine of “French
Positivism.”
b. The rural police force that brutally maintained order in the countrysides.
c. Diaz’ allies in the Mexican military.
d. Powerful landowners, especially those in northern states like Sonora and
Chihuahua.

25. The Rio Blanco strike in Veracruz was associated with which industry?
a. oil
b. silver mining
c. rum production
d. textiles

26. Who was Enrique Florés Magón?
a. He along with his brother Ricardo founded the opposition party called the Partido
Liberal Mexicano (Mexican Liberal Party)
b. He published a critical book about the Diaz regime called Problemas
Nacionales (National Problems)
c. He was a former journalist, salesman and diplomat who attempted to lead an
uprising against Diaz from South Texas
d. He was an architect of European style buildings that were developed in Mexico  City

27. Which of the following statements is not true about Benito Juarez?

a. He resumed the presidency following the French Intervention period in 1867?
b. He believed in the notion of liberalism in that Mexico could become a nation of
property owners upon which a politically stable nation would arise.
c. He sought re-election for President in 1871.
d. He was assassinated in a coup led by Porfirio Diaz in 1876.

28. Which American official made the observation that with respect to Latin America,  the
United States should push for an “annexation of trade” instead of political or military
occupation?
a. President Abraham Lincoln
b. Secretary of State James G. Blaine
c. Vice President Theodore Roosevelt
d. Colonel William Greene

29. During the Porfiriato era, the Mexican Central Railroad linked Mexico City to which
Texas city?
a. McAllen
b. Brownsville
c. El Paso
d. Del Rio

30. Who is the artist of the mural called “La Dictadura,” which portrays the Porfiriato
period in a strongly negative tone?
a. Juan O’Gorman
b. Diego Rivera
c. Frida Kahlo
d. David Alfaro Siqueiros

31. What happened to the Yaqui Indian populations who refused to leave their lands in
Sonora as ordered by the Porfiriato land laws of 1883 and 1894?
a. They were sent to prison camps in the United States in Texas and Florida.
b. They were sent to India to serve as day laborers for the British rulers.
c. They were granted political asylum in both Germany and Italy.
d. They were sold into slavery to work in sugar plantations in Cuba and henequen plants in
Yucatán.

32. Who was Jose Guadalupe Posada?
a. He was a muralist whose work satirized the Diaz regime by depicting the dictator as
trampling on the 1857 constitution and entertaining his wealthy followers with  dancing
girls.
b. He published an anti-Diaz journal called Problemas Nacionales.
c. He was a graphic artist whose work “El Mosquito Americano” presented a satirical
look at American investors that penetrated Mexico during the Porfiriato.
d. He was one of the leaders of the Mexican Liberal Party.

33. Catarino Garza served as the Mexican consul in which United States city?

a. Detroit
b. St. Louis
c. Chicago
d. Denver

34. In which Mexican state did the Palomas uprising in 1908 take place?
a. Durango
b. Sonora
c. Zacatecas
d. Chihuahua

35. The Fordlandia plantation in Brazil lies along the banks of which river in Brazil?
a. Amazon
b. Xingu
c. Orinoco
d. Tapajós

36. Which of the following is not true about the city of Manaus?
a. It is home to the famous Amazonas Theater
b. It was one of the cities that competed for the title of “Tropical Paris”
c. Its spectacular growth was the result of the rubber boom of the late 19th century
d. The city is based at the juncture of the Amazon and Tapajós rivers

37. What was the issue that caused the feud between Henry Ford and Theodore
Roosevelt?
a. Roosevelt’s support for social justice causes
b. Ford’s support for $5 a day bonus for his workers
c. Ford’s pacifism during World War I
d. Roosevelt’s refusal to join Ford, Thomas Edison, and Harvey Firestone on a
camping trip

38. Who was Harry Bennett?
a. He was the British explorer who transported rubber seedlings to London’s Royal
Botanical Gardens, thus providing the genetic stock for the European rubber
plantations in Southeast Asia
b. He was the notorious head of Ford’s “Service Department,” effectively becoming  the
goon that oversaw a system of terror at the Rouge Factory
c. He was the U.S. commercial attaché in Rio, who supported the idea of a revival  of the
rubber economy in the Amazon region
d. He was the botanist at the University of Michigan who was entrusted by the Ford  Motor
Company “to find a good area” to plant rubber

39. What was the “Cabanagem Revolt?”

a. A fierce skirmish between Brazilian and Peruvian troops near Manaus
b. An uprising that included a coalition of mestizos, mulatos, Africans, and native
populations, resulting in an assault on Belém.
c. A brief revolt by the Tupi natives against the Franciscan priests that had
established missions near Santarém.
d. The Fordlandia workers’ strike against lousy pay and poor working conditions

40. What is the Portuguese word for “hacienda?”
a. caboclo
b. cerveja
c. fazenda
d. seringueiro

41. Which Fordlandia official was apparently obsessed with the music of Rudy Vallee,
possibly because his songs were reminiscent of a simpler time in America, which is  what
some Americans who lived and worked on the property had expected of  Fordlandia?
a. Matt Mulrooney
b. Kaj Ostenfeld
c. Victor Perini
d. Einar Oxholm.

42. Who was the author of the popular novel “Ramona,” which was also the title of a
popular song that apparently influenced Fordlandia official John Rogge’s search for
“real Indians?”
a. Joseph Conrad
b. Helen Hunt Jackson
c. James Kennedy
d. Manuel Caetano de Jesus

43. In what famous movie is there a scene in which a turntable plays Enrico Caruso
singing, “O Paradiso,” which is supposed to invoke “civilization’s fragile beauty in the
face of the Amazon’s overpowering sensation of the absolute?”
a. “The Mission”
b. “Apocalypse Now”
c. “Fitzcarraldo”
d. “Metropolis”

44. According to Ford executive William Cowling, which city was at “the center of
Brazilian thought?”
a. Sao Paolo
b. Manaus
c. Belo Horizonte
d. Rio de Janeiro

45. The famous Argentine athlete Manu Ginobilli excels in which team or individual

sport?
a. soccer
b. basketball
c. tennis
d. golf

46. The European architectural style street Paseo de la Reforma is located in which
city?
a. Buenos Aires
b. Santiago
c. Lima
d. Mexico City

47. Which famous writer or poet was associated with the idea of the “White Man’s
Burden?”
a. Mark Twain
b. John Steinbeck
c. Rudyard Kipling
d. F. Scott Fitzgerald

48. Which writer condemned Theodore Roosevelt as being “godless?”
a. Rubén Darío
b. Ciro Alegría
c. José Martí
d. José Enrique Rodó

49. In one of the NAFTA cartoons featured in the module preview video, which popular
animated program is depicted to illustrate the point about how Mexico is often viewed as a
“political punching bag.”
a. Family Guy
b. The Simpsons
c. American Dad
d. South Park

50 The “Tenentes” faction was instrumental in supporting the administration of which
political leader?
a. Lázaro Cárdenas
b. José Batlle y Ordóñez
c. Juan Perón
d. Getulio Vargas