CCCC Biology Discussion

Description

Discuss: Genetically Modified (GM) Foods: Good or Bad if consumed?

Genetically modified (GM) foods produced through biotechnology methods are considered unsafe by some in the scientific community and they are often of the opinion that only organically grown foods should be consumed. Many foods are labeled non-GMO today and subject consumers to higher prices to purchase these products that claim to be organically grown and free of any bioengineering. Other agricultural scientists claim that even organic foods may have been created through farming practices such as hybridization or cross breeding and are not harmful to consume. And, still others believe the term “Frankenfoods” has created widespread distrust and is used as a scare tactic to cause consumers to turn to alternate food choices often at a higher cost.  

For this assignment, read a scientific article or report about a GMO food(s) from an authentic source such as an .edu or .gov website. Then, write 5 or 6 sentences and give your opinion about whether genetically modified foods should be consumed or not. 

You are not required to read an article in a scientific journal but the article you choose to use as reference (can be the website you used) must be from a reputable source.  

Things to make note of in determining an authentic website and source:

1. The credentials of the Author (Persons with a History PhD are doctors but are not an authentic source for biological issues.)

2. Is there a conflict of interest for the organization and the information released?

3. Is there contradictory information released by authentic sources? 

4. Other red flags of non-authentic websites to look for can be found in this article:   https://healthcentral.nz/10-red-flags-of-junk-science/ (Links to an external site.)

In your own words, write your view about the industry surrounding Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) in your own words. Your opinion about the practice of creating GMO animals and/or plants.

Include in your writing also your thoughts about consuming GMO foods – Do you purchase food that is labeled non-GMO because you feel it is safer? Why or why not?

Include a photo of a specifically labeled non-GMO food that you do or might purchase because it says it is non-GMO. Your posted picture can be taken from the Internet or your local grocery store. Photo must be visible in your posting and include a description of the picture.

BCC Stegosaurus Discussion

Description

Discussion: What was the correct arrangement and function of the plates of Stegosaurus? Why?

2.) reply to two student posts below

—————

Alejandro,

After reading the chapter, it states that the correct arrangement of the plates was that they were on their backs and divided into 2 rows, one on each side of the back. Paleontologists were not fully able to put together this dinosaur completely. Some say that they were used as a defense mechanism to protect against other dinosaurs from flank attacks or being snuck upon. The reason this was debunked was that the plates on the back were too fragile and filled with blood. Since they were like this, it was almost useless as a defense mechanism. So, it was suggested that their actual function was to be used for thermoregulation. Since they were filled with blood, Jim Farlow, a dinosaur researcher, states that the plates pumped blood through that would have increased the surface area over which the blood was exposed so it could be cooled down with shade and heated up in the sun. However, they mentioned that the spikes on the tail could’ve been used as a defense mechanism.

———

Kristine Mckeown

“Stegosaurus”

The Stegosaurus is a very interesting example of how bodies adapt to environments. The Stegosaurus has diamond shaped plates that run down its spine from base of it’s scull to the middle of it’s tail. Earlier paleontologist believed these to be a defensive mechanism for the the large lizard like dinosaurs but this theory is not logical based on at least two facts. The first is that the plates have blood vessels that run inside of them making the plates not very useful a in battle. The second is that the plates don’t offer much coverage to vital parts of the Stegosaur’s body thus leaving it unprotected. More recent studies done by paleontologist James Farlow in the 1970’s suggest a new theory to the diamond shaped plates function. He suggest that the plates acted as heating and cooling elements for the large lizard like dinosaur. Like solar panels that retrain and store heat for functional uses of survival. This is a far more probable theory.


Rutgers University Regulatory Affairs Discussion

Description

question 1

Create your initial post in response to the following:

Give one reason why drugs should or should not be advertised?

Return to the board and read over the posts of your fellow classmates. Choose at least one classmate and create a post responding to his/her initial post on the Discussion Board.

  • question 2

Create your initial post in response to the following:

Provide a pro and a con for the current regulations in place for generics.

Return to the board and read over the posts of your fellow classmates. Choose at least one classmate and create a post responding to his/her initial post on the Discussion Board.

question 3

Create your initial post in response to the following:

Provide a link to an article that discusses regulations on a generic drug or a biosimilar.

question 1 response post

Drugs should be advertised so that the general public can be aware of their options and ask their doctors meaningful questions to get informed. Even though doctors are likely to know whats best for treatment it is good to also be aware to try and be informed and possibly try new and better treatments.

question 2

Pros

  1. Need not to submit drug clinical data on safety and efficacy.
  2. Need not to do drug toxicity on animal’s i.e., preclinical studies.
  3. Hatch- Waxman Act helpful to speed up the approval process for generic drugs.
  4. Generic molecules are bioequivalent to that of branded drug
  5. Available at low cost than branded drugs

Cons:

  1. It will take one and half year to get approval, even though it is thoroughly evaluated.
  2. Poor quality maintenances due to involvement of cheap labor during the manufacturing process.
  3. Confusion of patient regarding appearance and taste of the product compared to branded drug.
  4. Chance of Producing adulterated product by considering the cost and not having stringent monitoring by FDA sometimes.
  5. More competition among manufacturers of generics.

question 3

This is my article:  (Links to an external site.)“>https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/getting-up-to-speed-with-generic-regulations (Links to an external site.)

My article discusses pharmacuetical changes that took place for generic drugs in 2020. It focused on changes made to the approval processes for generics. They included being complient with the BCPI act and FD&C act. The FDA wants to increase affordable health care by increasing the market and making treatment more readily available.

Reply

University of Memphis Gamma Rays Physics Paper

Description

Instructions for Writing the Research Paper

First, the paper must be interesting to both you and me, so pick a topic involving a section of the

electromagnetic spectrum (radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, ×-rays, or gamma rays)

about which you are interested. All of these are various forms of light. Other forms of waves are not

acceptable e.g. ultrasound Is very interesting but is not an appropriate topic because it is not an

electromagnetic wave). The paper must be your work. Plagiarism will not be accepted.

Get your material from the Internet, documenting each source you use in the end notes section. Use

superscripts in the body of the paper that refer to the proper end note. The end note section is

essentially a bibliography with numbers in numerical order rather than alphabetic order When you use

another’s material give proper credit. You may quote, just don’t pass it off as your own, and your paper

should not be one long quote after another. Read the material first from various websites. Take notes

and then write your paper from your notes. Anytime you need to include information that is not

common knowledge, give a reference.

How long should it be? This report counts the same as one lab report. It should be between 500 and

1000 words long.

Concentrate on the physics of the radiation. For instance, if you were to choose X-rays, describe what

they are, how they are produced, what they are used for, the benefits and drawbacks to their uses.

Don’t go into long discussions of different x-ray machines or film development or radiology training.

Think physics!

Don’t make this into something hard. There are fascinating aspects to the various types of radiation and

their applications. Scan two or three types of radiation before you choose a topic.

How will the paper be evaluated? I will look to see if the paper indicates the student has enjoyed what

he/she has done and has gotten a small grasp on one tiny topic in physics. Here is how you can tell if you

have met the criteria for this paper. Write it. Put it awav. A dav or two ater ask ourself how much of it

you remember without looking at it. If you remember a great deal after a couple of days, you probably

enjoyed writing it.

South Suburban College Healthy Household Triclosan Discussion

Question Description

I’m working on a microbiology discussion question and need support to help me learn.

Respond about the benefits and potential harms of using these types of products in a healthy household. Reply As Directed to the post at the bottom. Cite References.

The dictionary defines triclosan is a chloronated, organic compound with antibacterial and antifungal properties that is commonly held in settings in healthcare and household care. Saferchemicals.org mentions that triclosan is found inside toothpaste, cutting boards, antibacterial soaps, cosmetics, cleaning supplies, school supplies, and textilles. While it may be helpful to clean certain products off of you such as germs, disease carrying bacteria, and so on, it does not come risk free. Potential health risks may include: hormone disruption, potential antibiotic resistance, infertility, pregnancy problems, water pollution, impaired muscled function, irritation of the skin, eye, and the lungs, and liver and inhaling toxicity. However it it effective against fungi, bacteria and protozoa as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and a preservative. Time magazine says that it may be allowed in your toothpaste because of the proven use that it can fight plaque that causes gingivitis as Colgate is the only brand to use it now. My take on this substance is wondering if the risk worth the reward. In the several sites I have been in, I have not seen any data showing how triclosan caused so many problems so if the FDA says it’s at a manageable amount where significant people are harmed where things such as disease and infections are killing people every single day, why not use it? As a healthcare worker, hospitals were loaded in the last few years due to covid-19 and things that resemble the same symptoms and a load of these people who filled up these hospital rooms were people who were not hygienically compliant. As it was stressed to wash your hands, cover your mouth when you sneezed and coughed and these have been things that been getting taught to us since kindergarten and because of noncompliance, we suffered the consequences. So let’s use the chemicals that can fight disease and infection so we don’t cause another uproar of disease that can potentially kill another set of millions of people.

PHA 6852 University of Florida Molecular Biology Questions

Description

  • Using any means of research available (texts, online, etc), briefly explain how defects in mitochondrial function may contribute to development and progression of cancer [3]
  • Locate and read the following article, then answer the related questions: Keller ET, Fu Z, Yeung K, Brennan M. (2004).
    Raf kinase inhibitor protein: a prostate cancer metastasis suppressor gene. Cancer Lett, 207(2): 131-137.
  • What strategy ensures that passage through the cell cycle is unidirectional and irreversible? What mechanism underlies this strategy? [3]
  • What is the wee phenotype? What mistiming of the cell cycle does it reflect? What protein activities can cause this phenotype? [3]
  • What are the mechanisms that regulate the distribution of the correct number of “normal” chromosomes to daughter
    cells? [3]
  • Describe how the phosphorylation state of proteins regulates passage through critical points in the cell cycle [3]
  • How might overexpression of cyclin D1 foster loss of cell cycle control? [2]
  • Explain the significance of telomerase expression in cancer cells [2]
  • Myc activation in quiescent cells is sufficient to induce cell cycle entry in the absence of growth factors – T / F [1]
  • What protein is encoded by the SIS oncogene, and why might this product be of particular interest to those studying promotion of cell growth? [2]
  • Briefly describe the difference between carcinomas and sarcomas [2]
  • According to the Hanahan and Weinberg paper:
  • In its inactive state, RKIP is (unphosphorylated / phosphorylated) and binds to activated Raf, inhibiting its
    ability to (activate / inactivate) MEK [2]
  • List the two main mediators of stress-induced apoptosis in cancer cells after treatment with chemotherapeutic drugs [2]
  • What are the 6 acquired capabilities of cancer? [1]
  • How are growth inhibitory signals received by the normal cell? [1]
  • What term is used to describe the growth of new blood vessels? [1]
  • What is the effect of damage to or loss of activity of CAMs? [1]
  • What specifically are cytokines? [2]
  • Through what mechanism does p53 initiate apoptosis? [2]
  • What are early response genes and delayed response genes? [2]
  • How, generally, do retroviruses cause cancer? [2]

California state university Northridge Case Scenario Essay

Description

In this scenario assignment, you are asked to reflect on responses to the presented scenario.

Discuss the main points of the debate, what stance you take, support that stance, and discuss the opposing argument. Also, discuss an ethical theory that would apply to defend your view.

To complete each scenario assignment:

1. Read the attached scenario pictures.

2. Compose in a Word document and be sure to address, at a minimum, the following questions:

  • Why do you feel the way you do about the issue presented?
  • Of the four responses offered in the scenario, which do you think is the most ethical and why?
  • Which ethical theory would you use to support your stance? Why does this theory work?
  • Which ethical theory (of the 6 approved ones ONLY – Kant; Act Utilitarianism; Rule Utilitarianism; Care Ethics; Virtue Ethics; and Social Contract) would you apply to this topic to defend your stance? A) In this reflection you must first define the key terms of the debate (for example, define what Euthanasia/Abortion/Stem Cell/Public Health/PreNatal Testing/Animal Research/Health Care, etc. means and what are the different types depending on which topic you are discussing)B) Define and explain the ethical theory you chose (show me you know exactly what the theory is and does – in your own words)C) Present the evidence both pro and con and follow up how using your ethical theory is the best way to determine whether or not your stance is really ethical

4. Support your conclusions with evidence and specific examples from the textbook, including a minimum of one theory of ethics to defend your stance.

5. Your reflection must be 1-2 pages in length and follow APA formatting and citation guidelines as appropriate, making sure to cite at least two sources.

Miami University Microbiology Discussion

Description

First, research (internet or library) ONE area of controversy regarding the use vaccines and watch the PBS documentary, Vaccines: Calling the Shots (Links to an external site.)“>Vaccines: Calling the Shots (Links to an external site.). This video is REQUIRED course content.

Examples of vaccine controversies include:

  • Whether or not people are/were willing to get one of the COVID vaccines
  • Whether or not COVID vaccines should be mandatory for work, school, etc
  • Whether or not parents have chosen to have their children vaccinated against COVID
  • Whether or not use of the HPV vaccine will promote promiscuous behavior
  • Whether or not states should require certain vaccines for school attendance (Each state has the power to mandate vaccination, individual school districts or school boards do not have this power)
  • Whether or not the MMR, DTaP, or other vaccines cause conditions such as autism, ADHD, diabetes, etc
  • Whether or not vaccines effectively prevent the infectious diseases they are meant to prevent
  • Whether or not there is a vast conspiracy among pharmaceutical companies, doctors, and public health officials to mislead the public regarding vaccine safety
  • There are many other vaccine controversies on the internet—you may choose any controversy that interests you

You must use at least 2 sources of reliable information (internet and/or library and/or Vaccines: Calling the Shots, and/or your textbook) to complete CTA 5.

In your reflection paper use ALL of the following writing prompts to guide your analysis and writing. The writing prompts are directed toward the use of critical thinking in your reflection.

  • Description of the vaccine controversy: Provide a detailed overview of your chosen controversy. (4 pts)
  • Consideration of multiple perspectives: Discuss the different points of view concerning your chosen controversy. Be sure to explain the reasoning (whether correct or incorrect) behind these points of view. (3 pts)
  • Description of conclusions and their implications: Discuss your conclusions regarding your chosen controversy. Discuss the implications of your conclusions. (3 pts) 

Debris from Abandoned or Malfunctioning Artificial Satellites Discussion

Description

Please respond to Michael with 200 words please read original post and thenr espond to michaels posst.

original question

A tremendous amount of debris from abandoned or malfunctioning artificial satellites are orbiting the Earth. They pose a great threat to astronauts and are also harmful to spacecraft and communication satellites. Suppose you are in charge of removing this debris. What is your idea/method to do so?

Michael’s Post

My first thought was to use a large net like we do in our ocean’s clean up debris, and when I looked into it more I found out that they actually do have a net set up to do just that. I like the YouTube video about the space sweeper as a means of cleaning up space debris as well. What I am not all that found of is the fact that no one country or entity is responsible to clean this mess up. NASA says there is no regulation and it is up to ALL space going countries to work together to clean this mess up. My experience is if no one owns it then no one will clean it up because there is no accountability or ownership. Now we have people like Elon Musk and Jeff Bezos going into space, and what happens to any space debris they create?

I think who ever sends the object into space should be the one to clean up the mess instead of letting it float around space at a speed of 18,000 mph. I wonder what happens when this space debris goes through a manned satellite or space craft and kills someone? Who is held responsible for that disaster?

I hope countries continue to work together to clean this space debris up better than we are cleaning up our planet.

Hudson County Community College Roller Coaster Dynamics Worksheet

Description

Design a roller coaster.

Coaster Specifications: Roller coaster must include at least (1) one circular track, where the track goes in a spiral motion. Determine the bank angle such that the only force on the rider is the normal force from the seat. Coaster must also must include (2) one inversion (an upside down part).

Calculations: Calculations to perform as a function of time:

1. velocity

2. acceleration

3. Normal force of seat on passenger

4. Max g-force on passenger, bank angle.

Additionally, not as a function of time

(1) height of the initial drop must be determined in addition to

(2) the force required to slow down the motion (and the time the force is applied) must be determined to bring the coaster to rest (don’t design it so it runs out of gravitational energy at the end, this could result in a stuck car for a lighter person).

The normal force on the rider from the seat must be greater than zero to ensure that the passenger does not fall out.

Calculations must be performed for someone in the 95 percentile of weight and in the 40 percentile of weight. Neglect the size of the rider, track friction and air resistance.

Restrictions: The maximum G-load (acceleration) experienced by a person should be no more than 5 g’s. This is equivalent to a normal force of 5mg, based on the mass of the person.

Final report includes:

(1) Drawing of coaster, including dimensions (height, radius of curvature, bank angle, where appropriate). For 2D drawings, at least two perspectives (top and side view).

(2) Two spreadsheets: including the calculations as a function of time for large mass and small mass rider (95 percentile and 40th percentile)

(3) Brief summary of coaster, calculations and process of designing.